Lease Termination Notice
A unilateral declaration by the landlord or tenant ending a rental agreement, subject to statutory notice periods and — for residential leases — statutory grounds that limit when a landlord may terminate.
Сфера дії: Польща.
Визначення
Termination of a lease (wypowiedzenie umowy najmu) is governed by Articles 673 and 688 of the Civil Code together with the Act on the Protection of Tenants' Rights. A lease for an indefinite period may generally be terminated by either party observing the statutory or contractually agreed notice period; a fixed-term lease may only be terminated early if the agreement itself specifies grounds for doing so.
For residential leases, a landlord's right to terminate is significantly restricted: Article 11 of the Tenant Protection Act lists closed statutory grounds — for example, the tenant's rent arrears exceeding three full payment periods, use of the property contrary to the agreement, or the landlord's own housing need in specific circumstances. Termination must generally be made in writing, stating the ground relied upon, with a one-month notice period for arrears cases.
A tenant, by contrast, generally has more freedom to terminate an indefinite-term lease, subject only to the agreed or statutory notice period, without needing to show cause.
Приклади
A tenant who has fallen three months behind on rent receives a written termination notice citing the arrears and giving one month to pay or vacate.
A landlord who signed a fixed-term two-year lease cannot simply terminate it after six months unless the agreement itself lists a ground allowing early termination.
A tenant on an indefinite-term lease gives the landlord a one-month written notice to move out, without needing to explain why.
Як це впливає на купівлю та продаж
Landlords should be careful to cite one of the closed statutory grounds and follow the required form — a termination notice that skips these formalities is void and does not end the lease, however clearly the landlord communicated their intent otherwise. Tenants benefit from knowing their own notice obligations are typically lighter, but a fixed-term lease still binds them for its full duration unless the agreement allows early exit.
